The United States, one of the most developed economies in the world, is also one of the countries that import the most worldwide. Its annual import volume is over $2 trillion.
The top U.S. imports consist of:
- Foods, feeds and beverages
- Industrial supplies and materials
- Capital goods
- Automobile vehicles, parts and engines
- Consumer goods
Top U.S. States by Imports
California is the top state importer of foreign goods. California is followed by Texas, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, and Georgia. These are the top states as of May 2024, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Top Trading Partners for U.S. Imports
China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are the largest import partners of the U.S., and they make great contributions to the U.S. economy. Trade relations with these countries both support economic growth and strengthen their cooperation in various sectors. U.S. trade policies and agreements with the countries have significant effects on global trade balances.
What do the top U.S. importers actually import into the country?
China
China is one of the largest sources of imports for the U.S. It has a large share in various products such as electricity, electronic machinery and textiles. On the other hand, the U.S. presidential election to be held this year is of great importance for this trade partnership. With Donald Trump and Kamala Harris neck-in-neck in polls ahead of the election, many are wondering how a second Trump administration would approach China.
Canada
Canada supplies essential energy resources like crude oil, natural gas, and electricity, vital for U.S. energy security, while also providing automotive parts that bolster the U.S. automotive industry.
Mexico
Mexico plays a key role with its automotive parts and vehicles, as well as agricultural products that support U.S. manufacturing and agriculture.
Japan
Japan’s high-tech exports, including electronics and precision instruments, are critical for U.S. technology and healthcare sectors, alongside high-quality automotive products.
Germany
Germany’s contributions include industrial machinery and high-end automotive parts, which enhance U.S. manufacturing and technological advancement.
What are the effects of U.S. imports on the U.S. economy?
The U.S.’s high import volume directly affects various sectors of the country’s economy.
- Price Stability: Cheap imported goods help keep consumer prices low.
- Employment: There are millions of people working in import-dependent sectors. However, high import volumes can put pressure on some domestic producers.
- Trade Balance: The U.S. is often a trade deficit country, meaning its imports exceed its exports. This affects exchange rates and external debt levels.
U.S. Import Requirements
Whether you’re a major business or an individual buying items online, all imports to the U.S. are regulated by Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Importers must comply with specific criteria and submit required documents to CBP for clearance. These include:
- Entry of Goods: Importers or their agents must present an entry document at the port, including a cargo manifest, proof of entry permission, packing lists, and a commercial invoice. This must be done within 15 days of arrival. Import duties must be paid, and goods must be legally distributed.
- Examination of Goods: CBP officers inspect goods to ensure national security. They check for proper marking of origin, correct invoicing, prohibited items, and legal status of products. Items must be marked in English and adhere to U.S. regulations.
- Permitted and Prohibited Items: CBP ensures that only permissible goods are imported. Prohibited items include illegal substances, dog fur, certain wildlife, and religious artifacts. Some products may require additional inspections or incur higher duties.
